Костина Н.Б. СУБЪЕКТ-СУБЪЕКТНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ОБЩНОСТИ

В условиях активизации религиозной жизни в российском обществе конца ХХ - первых десятилетий ХХI в. возросло влияние различных конфессиональных объединений на жизнь россиян. Данные социологических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что граждане позитивно оценивают такие стороны этого процесса как участие религии в сохранении нравственных ценностей, национальных традиций, формировании патриотизма у молодежи, возможность найти ее посредством гармонии с окружающим миром. В статье обосновывается методологическая значимость общностного подхода для анализа функционирования религии в современном обществе, поскольку он позволяет выйти за пределы ее «внутреннего» анализа, выявить ее роль для социальных групп, отношение общества и государства к религии, ее самой - к различным сторонам социально-культурной действительности. На базе этого подхода выявлена специфика религиозных общностей, заключающаяся в единстве двух составляющих - религиозной доктрины и религиозной деятельности...

N the context of the intensification of religious life in Russian society at the end of the 20th century - the first decades of the 21st century. the influence of various confessional associations on the life of Russians increased. The data of sociological studies indicate that citizens positively assess such aspects of this process as the participation of religion in the preservation of moral values, national traditions, the formation of patriotism among young people, the opportunity to find it through harmony with the outside world. The article substantiates the methodological significance of the community-based approach to the analysis of the functioning of religion in modern society, since it allows one to go beyond its “internal” analysis, to reveal its role for social groups, the attitude of society and the state towards religion, and itself - towards various aspects of socio-cultural reality. On the basis of this approach, the specificity of religious communities has been revealed, consisting in the unity of two components - religious doctrine and religious activity. The process of formation and transformation of religious communities is considered within the framework of the subject-subject paradigm, which allows us to understand interactions and relationships within confessional communities along both lines: “believers - clergymen”, “co-religionists, followers of the denomination - members of the confessional community (regardless of the degree of doctrinal commitment)". Based on a theoretical analysis, it is proved that unification in a religious community is due to adherence to the same doctrinal ideas, following the same religious institutions, involves the implementation of joint activities aimed at achieving common goals. The article identifies three types of social communities - normative, normative-targeted, doctrinal-targeted, it is proved that religious communities are of the latter type, and can be both stable and situational. The basis of the doctrinal unity of the religious community is the subject-subject interaction of both its constituent actors, and the belief in the reality of the interaction of the latter with higher powers, carried out through the prophets and their students. The hierarchy of subject-subject interaction is clearly structured, based on dogma, adherence to doctrinal ideas is regulated, monitored and protected through religious institutions. Keywords: subject-subject paradigm, religious community, doctrinal community, religious dogmas and institutions.Keywords: subject-subject paradigm, religious community, doctrinal community, religious dogmas and institutions.